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The GW Intellectual Property Research Portal

Maintained by Matthew Braun
Reference/Intellectual Property Librarian

Last Update: July 24, 2007

14. Information Portals & Additional Sites of Distinction


* * * * *    
 

1.  Global & Regional Intellectual Property Organizations

a.  World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
b.  WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center 
c. 
International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) 
d. 
World Trade Organization (WTO) IP gateway
e.  UNESCO copyright portal
f.  European Patent Office (EPO)
g. 
Eurasian Patent Organization (EAPO)
h.  European Union Trade Marks & Designs Office (Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market (OHIM))
i.  European Community Plant Variety Office (CPVO) 
j.  European Broadcasting Union (EBU) Legal Affairs portal
 
k.  Benelux Trademarks Office 
l. 
Benelux Designs Office 
m. 
African Intellectual Property Organization (AIPO/OAPI)
n.  African Regional Industrial Property Organization (ARIPO) 
o. 
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) IP site
p.  Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Intellectual Property Rights Experts Group 
 

2. Collections of National & Regional Intellectual Property Laws

a.  Collection of Laws for Electronic Access (WIPO)
b. 
Collection of National Copyright Laws (UNESCO)
c.  National Trademark Laws & Regulations of European Union member states
d.  European Community IP Legislation in Force
e.  Latin American IP Laws from the Organization of American States (OAS) 
f.   
IP Laws of the Middle East & North Africa
g.  World Legal Information Institute IP legislation portal
h.  National Plant Variety Protection Laws from UPOV


3. National Intellectual Property Authorities & Advisory Bodies

a.  U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
b. 
U.S. Copyright Office
c. 
U.S. International Trade Commission, intellectual property site
d.  Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, Intellectual Property Sector
e.  Japan Patent Office 
f.  German Patent and Trade Mark Office
g. 
United Kingdom Patent Office 
h.  United Kingdom Intellectual Property Advisory Committee
i.  French National Institute for Industrial Property
j.  Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property
k.  Canadian Intellectual Property Office 
l. 
Canadian Intellectual Property Policy Directorate
m.  IP Australia
n.  Australia Attorney-General's Department, Copyright Law Branch
o.  Australia Copyright Law Review Committee
p.  New Zealand Intellectual Property Office
q.  Russian Agency for Patent and Trademarks (Rospatent)
r.  Italian Patent and Trademark Office 
s.  Mexican Industrial Property Office 
t.  Brazilian Industrial Property Office
u.  Intellectual Property India
v.  Korean Intellectual Property Office
w.  China State Intellectual Property Office 
x. 
Taiwan (Chinese Taipei) Intellectual Property Office
y. 
Directory of National Intellectual Property Offices


 4. Multilateral Intellectual Property Treaties

a.  WIPO-Administered Treaties 
b. 
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement)
c. 
European Patent Convention
d.  Universal Copyright Convention
e.  Patent Cooperation Treaty Office of Legal Administration at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office


5. U.S. Intellectual Property Statutes & Regulations

a.  Patent Act (35 U.S.C.)
www.access.gpo.gov/uscode/title35/title35.html
www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/35
  
b.  Patent regulations (37 C.F.R.)
http://www.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/cfrassemble.cgi?title=200637
www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/consolidated_rules.pdf

c.  Copyright Act (17 U.S.C.)
www.access.gpo.gov/uscode/title17/title17.html
www.copyright.gov/title17
www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17 

d. 
Copyright regulations (37 C.F.R.)

e.  Trademark Act (15 U.S.C.)
www.access.gpo.gov/uscode/title15/chapter22_.html
www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/15/ch22.html
 
f. 
Trademark regulations (37 C.F.R.)

g.  Federal Register notices of proposed & final patent & trademark regulations
 

6. U.S. Intellectual Property Forms

a.  U.S. Patent and Trademark Office patent & trademark forms
b. 
U.S. Copyright Office forms
  

7. Patent Databases, Search Tools & Manuals

a.  U.S. Patent and Trademark Office patent databases
b.  Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office: Patents (current 52 wks.)
c.   
Manual of Patent Examining Procedure (MPEP)
d. 
Index to the U.S. Patent Classification System
e. 
Manual of U.S. Patent Classification 
f. 
U.S. Patent Classification Definitions 
g. 
Examiner Handbook to the U.S. Patent Classification System 
h. 
U.S. Patent Application Information Retrieval
i.  U.S. Patent Assignment Database
j.  Espacenet (European & worldwide patent database)
k.
Online European Patent Register
l.   DEPATISnet: German & worldwide patent database
m. Patent Abstracts of Japan
n.  Japan Patent & Utility Model Gazette Database
o.  Patents and Designs Journal (United Kingdom)
p. 
Canadian patent database
q.  Australian patent database
r.  International Patent Applications: Advanced Search (WIPO)
s.  European Patent Classification
t.  International Patent Classification (WIPO)


8. Trademark Databases, Search Tools & Manuals

a.  U.S. Trademark Electronic Search System (TESS)
b.  U.S. Trademark Manual of Examining Procedure (TMEP)
c.  Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office: Trademarks (most recent 5 issues)
d. 
Trademark Acceptable Identification of Goods and Services Manual 
e. 
U.S. Trademark Trial & Appeal Board Manual of Procedure (TBMP)
f.  Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks
g.  Community Trade Mark (CTM) database
h.  Canadian trademark database
i.  Australian trademark database
j.  ICIMARQUES: French trademark database
k.  Japanese trademark database


9.  Intellectual Property Case Law & Specialized IP Courts & Decisional Bodies

a.  United States Patents Quarterly (U.S.P.Q.; 1928-) (via BNA IP Library)
b.  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit: official site (recent opinions)
c. 
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit: case law database (via Georgetown University Law Center) (1995-)
d. 
U.S. Supreme Court: official site (1991-, click on "Bound Volumes" link)
e. 
U.S. Supreme Court Opinions (via FindLaw) (1893-)
f. 
U.S. Courts of Appeals & U.S. District Courts
g.  U.S. Patent and Trademark Office: Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences: Opinions & Decisions:

h. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office: Decisions of the Commissioner (via Franklin Pierce Law Center) 1984-99
i.  U.S. Patent and Trademark Office: Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences: Selected Interference Trial
Section Opinions
 (1998-)
j.  U.S. Copyright Office Board of Appeals Decisions (via Franklin Pierce Law Center) (1995-2005)
k.  U.S. Patent and Trademark Office: Trademark Trial and Appeal Board Decisions: 

             l.  European Patent Office Boards of Appeal Decisions:

             m.  Court of Justice of the European Communities (ECJ): Reports of Cases in the Court of Justice (1954-), and the Court of First Instance (1989-), and the Civil Service Tribunal (2005-)
             n. 
European Union Trade Marks and Designs Decisions (1998-)
             o.
  World Trade Organization (WTO) TRIPS Dispute Settlement Decisions (1996-)
             p.  WorldTradeLaw.net TRIPS decisions (1997-)
             q. 
WIPO Internet Domain Name Decisions (2000-) 
             r.  United Kingdom Patent Office Decisions (1998-)
             s. 
Canada Commissioner of Patents Decisions (1970-)
             t. 
Australian Patent Office Decisions (1981-)
             u. 
Australian Trade Marks Office Decisions (1991-)
             v. 
Australian Copyright Tribunal Decisions (1997-)
             w. 
German Federal Patent Court (Bundespatentgericht)
             x.  Intellectual Property High Court of Japan
             y.  Patent Court of Korea
             z.  World Legal Information Institute national case law portal


10.  Professional/Trade Associations & Rights Management Organizations

a.  American Bar Association Section of Intellectual Property Law 
b. 
American Bar Association Section of Science & Technology Law
c.  Association of American Law Schools Intellectual Property Law Section (AALS)
d.  American Intellectual Property Law Association (AIPLA) 
e. 
International Trademark Association (INTA) 
f. 
Intellectual Property Owners Association (IPO)
g.  Association of Patent Law Firms
h.  National Association of Patent Practitioners 
i. 
Federal Circuit Bar Association
j.  District of Columbia Bar Association Intellectual Property Law Section
k.  Patent and Trademark Office Society
l.  Intellectual Property Institute of Canada (IPIC)
m.  Copyright Society of the U.S.A.
n. 
Copyright Clearance Center
o.  Harry Fox Agency
p.  International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property (AIPPI) 
q. 
U.S. Group of International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property (AIPPI-U.S.)
r.  International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys (FICPI)
s.  International Bar Association Intellectual Property & Entertainment Law Committee
t.  Institute of Professional Representatives Before the European Patent Office (EPI)
u.  German Patent Bar Association
v.  Institute of Industrial Property Attorneys (France)
w. French Association of Specialists in Industrial Property
x.  Official Association of  Industrial Property Agents (Spain)
y.  Association of Patent & Trademark Attorneys in Italian Industry
z.  Japan Intellectual Property Association (JIPA)
aa.  Japan Patent Attorneys Association (JPAA)
ab.  International Intellectual Property Alliance (IIPA)
ac.  International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI)
ad.  Licensing Executives Society International (LESI)
ae.  European Communities Trade Mark Association (ECTA)
af.  Institute of Trade Mark Attorneys (ITMA) (U.K.)
ag.  Community Trade Mark Advisory Initiative (CTM AI)
ah.  European Brands Association (AIM)
ai.  Association of European Trade Mark Owners (MARQUES)
aj.  Union des Fabricants pour la Protection Internationale de la Propriété Intellectuelle
ak.  Intellectual Property Society of Australia and New Zealand (IPSANZ)
al.  Institute of Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys of Australia
am.  Australian Copyright Council
an.  International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property of Japan (AIPPI Japan)
ao.  Brazilian Intellectual Property Association (ABPI)
ap.  Interamerican Association of Industrial Property (ASIPI)
aq.  National Intellectual Property Organization (NIPO) (India)
ar.  Arab Society for Intellectual Property
as.  South African Institute of Intellectual Property Law
at.  Association of Research Libraries Copyright and Intellectual Property site (ARL)
au.  International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organisations (IFRRO)
av.  Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale (ALAI)
aw.  International Association for the Advancement of Teaching and Research in Intellectual Property (ATRIP)
ax.  Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)
ay.  International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI)
az.  Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA)
ba.  Information Technology Association of America (ITAA)
bb.  Biotechnology Industry Organization IP site (BIO)
bc. European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB)
bd.  Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America's "Innovation" site (PhRMA)
be.  Canadian Information Technology Law Association
bf.  International Society for Law and Technology (ISLAT)
bg.  Association for Computing Machinery IP site (ACM)
bh.  International Technology Law Association (ITechLaw)
bi.  Society for Computers and Law (SCL)
bj.  Software & Information Industry Association (SIIA)
bk.  Business Software Alliance (BSA)
bl.  American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) 
bm. 
Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI)
bn.  SESAC
bo.  International Confederation of Societies of Authors and Composers (CISAC)
bp.  International Federation of Inventors' Associations (IFIA)
bq. 
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) intellectual property site
br.  International Chamber of Commerce IP site
bs.  Science & Intellectual Property in the Public Interest (American Association for the Advancement of Science)
bt. 
Association of University Technology Managers


11. Directories

a.  U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Telephone Directory
b.  U.S. Patent and Trademark Office: Patent Attorney/Agent Search 
c. 
Directory of U.S. Patent and Trademark Depository Libraries  
d. 
European Patent Office Database of Professional Representatives 
e. 
Worldwide directory of IP firms by country from Phillips Ormonde & Fitzpatrick (Australia)
 

12. News & Blogs 

             General and Multi-Disciplinary IP Links

a.   Patent, Trademark & Copyright Journal (BNA)
b.  
Patent, Trademark & Copyright Law Daily (BNA)
c.  
World Intellectual Property Report (BNA Int'l)
d.  
Electronic Commerce & Law Report (BNA)
e.  
E-Commerce Law Daily (BNA)
f.   
Pike & Fischer Internet Law & Regulation Recent Developments
g.   U.S. Patent and Trademark Office News & Notices
h.   U.S. Copyright Office NewsNet
i.   
WIPO Press Room
j.    Intellectual Property Owners Association Daily News  
k.  
IP Law Practice Center
l.    IP News from NewsNow
m.  IP News this Week (Canada)
n.   IP News from Questel
o.  
GigaLaw.com Internet law news
p.   IP News from BigBlog
q.   IPKat news
r.    IP Newsflash
s.   Copyfight
t.    BLOG@IP::JUR (Germany)
u.   Bag and Baggage
v.   IP Biz 
w.  Now, Why Didn't I Think of That? (Canada)
x.   That's My Idea! (Centre for the New Europe)
y.  
IP Law Observer
z.   Daily Dose of IP


Patent Links

aa.  
Patent Law News from LexisNexis
ab.   Patently Obvious (Patently-O)
ac.   GEN-ERIC Patent News
ad.   The Invent Blog
ae.   The Patent Prospector
af.    Patent Docs  
ag.  
Peter Zura's Two-Seventy-One Patent Blog 


Copyright Links

ah. 
Copyright Law News from LexisNexis
ai.   Copyright and Downloading news from The Washington Post
aj.   Creative Commons
ak.  Freedom to Tinker
al.   The Patry Copyright Blog


Trademark Links

am.  
Trademark Law News from LexisNexis
an.   Likelihood of Confusion 
ao.  
The TTABlog
ap.   The Trademark Blog
aq.   43(B)log


Cyberlaw/Information Technology Links

ar.   Information technology & e-commerce law news from OUT-LAW.com
as.  New York Times technology site
at.  
Science & IP news from the American Association for the Advancement of Science
au.   Tech Law Advisor 
av.  
Cyberlaw Central
aw.  eLegal Canton (Canada)
ax.   Lessig Blog  
ay.  
Technology & Marketing Law Blog


13. Research Centers & Academic Programs

 Europe

a.  Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law (Germany)
b. Magister Lucentinus - University of Alicante Master of Intellectual Property and Information Society Law Program (Spain)
c. Institute for Information Law - University of Amsterdam (Netherlands)
d. The Patents Centre - University of Barcelona (Spain)
e. Centre for Intellectual Property Policy & Management - Bournemouth Law School (U.K.)
f. 
Centre for Intellectual Property and Information Law - University of Cambridge Faculty of Law (U.K.)
g. Centre for Intellectual Property Rights - Catholic University of Leuven & Catholic University of Brussels (Belgium)
h.
Center for Industrial Property Law - Heinrich Heine University of Dusseldorf Faculty of Law (Germany)  
i.
Center for Information Law - Heinrich Heine University of Dusseldorf Faculty of Law (Germany)
j. AHRC Research Centre for Studies in Intellectual Property and Technology Law - University of Edinburgh School of Law (Scotland)
k. European Patent Academy (European Patent Office, Germany)
l. Center for Intellectual Property Studies  -  Göteborg University & Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden)
m. Foundation for Information Policy Research (U.K.)
n. Institute for Legal Informatics - University of Hannover Faculty of Law (Germany)
o.
Henri Desbois Intellectual Property Research Institute (France)
p. Institute for Copyright and Media Law (Germany)
q. Institute of European Media Law (Germany)
r. Intellectual Property Institute (U.K.)
s. CEDIDAC: Center for Enterprise Law - University of Lausanne Faculty of Law (Switzerland)
t. Interdisciplinary Centre for Law and Information & Communication Technology - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Belgium)
u. Queen Mary Intellectual Property Research Institute - University of London (U.K.)
v. Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law; University of Augsburg;Technische Universität München; George Washington University Law School (Germany)
w. Institute for Information, Telecommunications and Media Law - University of Münster (Germany) 
x.
Institute of Art and Law (U.K.)
y. Intellectual Property and Competition Observatory - Libera Universita Internazionale degli Studi Sociali (Italy)
z. Norwegian Research Center for Computers and Law - University of Oslo Faculty of Law (Norway)
aa. Oxford Intellectual Property Research Centre - St. Peter's College, Oxford University (U.K.)
ab. Programme in Comparative Media Law & Policy - Oxford University Centre for Socio-Legal Studies (U.K.)
ac. CEJEM: Center for Legal and Economic Studies of Multimedia - University of Panthéon-Assas (France)
ad. CERDI: Center for Study and Research in Intangible Property - University of Paris Sud 11 Faculty Jean Monnet
ae. Paul Roubier Center for Industrial Property Law (France)
af. CUERPI: University Center for Teaching & Research in Intellectual Property- Pierre Mendès France University Faculty of Law (France)
ag. Institute for Law and Informatics, Saarland University (Germany)
ah. Center for International Industrial Property Studies - Robert Schuman University (France)
ai. Institute of Intellectual Property Law - University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
aj. Institute of Intellectual Property Law and Marketing Law - University of Stockholm Faculty of Law (Sweden)
ak. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
al. Centre for Intellectual Property Law - University of Utrecht Faculty of Law (Netherlands)
am. WIPO Worldwide Academy (Switzerland)

North America

a. 
Intellectual Property and Technology Law Program - The George Washington University Law School
b. Creative and Innovative Economy Center - The George Washington University Law School
c. The India Project - The George Washington University Law School  
d.
Center for Intellectual Property Law and Technology - University of Akron School of Law
e. Center for Social Media - American University School of Communication
f. Glushko-Samuelson Intellectual Property Law Clinic - Washington College of Law, American University
g. Center for Nanotechnology in Society - Arizona State University
h. Berkeley Center for Law & Technology - University of California, Berkeley, School of Law (Boalt Hall)
i. Center for Nanotechnology in Society - University of California, Santa Barbara
j. Intellectual Property Law Program - Yeshiva University, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law
k. Center for Law, Technology & the Arts - Case Western Reserve University School of Law
l. Center on Nanotechnology and Society - Chicago-Kent College of law, Illinois Institute of Technology
m. Institute on Biotechnology & the Human Future - Chicago-Kent College of Law, Illinois Institute of Technology
n. Kernochan Center for Law, Media and the Arts - Columbia Law School
o. Law and Technology Institute - Dalhousie University Faculty of Law (Nova Scotia)
p.
Center for Intellectual Property Law & Information Technology - DePaul University College of Law
q. Intellectual Property Program - Duke University School of Law
r. Center for the Study of the Public Domain - Duke University School of Law
s. Intellectual Property Program - Franklin Pierce Law Center
t. Intellectual Property Program - George Mason University School of Law
u. National Center for Technology & Law - George Mason University School of Law
v. Berkman Center for Internet & Society - Harvard Law School
w. Institute for Intellectual Property & Information Law - University of Houston Law Center
x. Institute for Intellectual Property and Social Justice - Howard University School of Law
y. Center for Intellectual Property Law - John Marshall Law School
z. Center for Information Technology & Privacy Law - John Marshall Law School
aa. Center for Intellectual Property and Copyright in the Digital Environment - University of Maryland, University College
ab. Centre for Intellectual Property Policy - McGill University Faculty of Law (Quebec)
ac. Intellectual Property & Communications Law Program - Michigan State University College of Law
ad. Institute for Information Law & Policy - New York Law School
ae. Engelberg Center on Innovation Law and Policy - New York University School of Law
af. Canadian Internet Policy and Public Interest Clinic - University of Ottawa Faculty of Law (Ontario)
ag. High Tech Law Institute - Santa Clara University School of Law
ah. Annenberg Center for Communication - University of Southern California 
ai. Biederman Entertainment & Media Law Institute - Southwestern Law School
aj.  Stanford Program in Law, Science & Technology - Stanford Law School
ak. Intellectual Property Law Program - University of Texas School of Law
al. Centre for Innovation Law and Policy - University of Toronto Faculty of Law (Ontario)
am. Center for Advanced Study & Research on Intellectual Property (CASRIP) - University of Washington School of Law
an. Shidler Center for Law, Commerce, and Technology - University of Washington School of Law
ao. Intellectual Property & Technology Law Program - Washington University School of Law
ap. Center for Intellectual Property Law - Whittier Law School
aq.
Information Society Project - Yale Law School

South America

a.
Brazilian Institute of Intellectual Property
b. Dannemann Siemsen Institute for Intellectual Property Studies (Brazil)

Asia/Pacific

a. Intellectual Property Research Institute of Australia - University of Melbourne
b. Centre for Media and Communications Law - University of Melbourne (Australia)
c. Asia Pacific Intellectual Property Law Institute - Murdoch University School of Law (Australia)
d. Australian Centre for Intellectual Property in Agriculture - University of Queensland, Griffith University, & Australian National University  
e.
Baker & McKenzie Cyberspace Law and Policy Centre - University of New South Wales Faculty of Law (Australia)
f. Department of Intellectual Property, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology - University of Tokyo (Japan)
g. Institute of Intellectual Property (Japan)
h. Asia-Pacific Industrial Property Center (Japan)
i.
ResearchCenter for the Legal System of Intellectual Property - Waseda University Institute for Corporation Law and Society (Japan)
j. SOFTIC: Software Information Center (Japan)
k. Japan Institute of Invention and Innovation
l. Copyright Research and Information Center (Japan)
m. Centre for Intellectual Property Rights, Research and Advocacy - National Law School of India University
n. Center for Law & Technology - Seoul National University (Korea)
o. IP Academy (Singapore)
p. Graduate Institute of Intellectual Property - National Chengchi University (Taiwan)

Middle East

a.
Haifa Center for Law and Technology - University of Haifa Faculty of Law (Israel)


14. Information Portals & Additional Sites of Distinction

a.  Guide to Electronic Resources for International Intellectual Property Law (American Society of International Law (ASIL))
b.
Franklin Pierce IP MALL
c.  IP Menu (Phillips Ormonde & Fitzpatrick, Australia)
d.
Mayall's IP links (John Mayall, U.K.)
e.
European & international IP links (Ralph Beier, von Bezold & Sozien, Germany)
f.
European Union Internal Market Industrial Property site
g. European Union Internal Market Copyright and Neighbouring Rights site
h. European Union IPR Helpdesk
i. European Union Information Society portal
j. Trilateral Web Site (European Patent Office/Japan Patent Office/USPTO)
k.
British Library IP links
l.  University of Alicante International Intellectual Property & Information Society Portal (Spain)
m.
Transpatent: German IP portal
n. Patentserver of the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research
o. eRecht24: German information technology law portal
p. Legalis.net: French copyright, trademark & e-commerce portal
q. Juriscom.net: French information technology law portal
r. Patnet.it: Italian IP portal
s. Associazone per la Difesa del Diritto di Autore: Italian copyright portal
t. Interlex: Italian information technology law portal
u. TECHNOLAWGY.com: Israeli IP & technology portal
v. Portal GPI: Grupo de Propriedad Intelectual (Uruguay)
w. Copyright Law & Litigation Resource (Rob Kasunic, Washington, DC)
x.
Public Knowledge Copyright & Technology Policy portal
y. Copyright & Fair Use (Stanford University Libraries)
z.
Copyright Management Center (Indiana University/Purdue University, Indianapolis)
aa.
Creative Commons copyright licensing site
ab. American Library Association copyright issues site
ac. All About Trademarks (Gregory H. Guillot, Dallas, TX)
ad.
Mondaq law firm IP articles database (free registration required)
ae.
Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy, Rules and Proceedings of theInternet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
af.  ICANNWatch
ag. Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Database
ai. IP @ The National Academies
aj.
Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public Health (World Health Organization)
ak.
Centre for the Management of Intellectual Property in Health Research and Development (U.K.)
al.
Pike & Fischer Internet Law & Regulation
am. Electronic Frontier Foundation
an. Center for Democracy & Technology
ao. Consumer Project on Technology
ap. Electronic Privacy Information Center
aq. Chilling Effects Clearinghouse
ar. Coalition for Intellectual Property Rights
as. Ladas & Parry international IP site
at. European Audiovisual Observatory 
au. 
Organisation for an International Geographical Indications Network (oriGIn)
av. International AntiCounterfeiting Coalition
aw. ELDIS IP Rights Resource Guide
ax. UNCTAD/ICTSD Project on IP Rights and Sustainable Development
ay. Development Gateway IP site
az. Genetic Resources Action International (GRAIN) IP site
ba. Public Interest Intellectual Property Advisors
bb. Public Patent Foundation
bc. Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture
bd. U.S. Department of Justice Computer Crime & Intellectual Property Section
be.
Federal Laboratory Consortium for Technology Transfer 
bf. 
U.S. Department of State International Information Program for Intellectual Property