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THE DUEL
Notes
1. Throughout this article, the traditional (and current European) use of the “double l” for the various forms of “duel,” such as “duelling,” “duellist,” and “duelled” is used, since these forms were spelled only with the “double l” in the traditional literature on duels; this is generally what researchers find in the course of historical research. Contemporary American spelling of the various forms of “duel” has dropped one “l;” therefore, it is best to check both forms when researching.
2. From The Random House Dictionary of the English Language, 2d ed., s.v. “duel.”
3. The Burgundian Code, at 52.
4. Baldick, at 17.
5. Ibid., at 20.
6. Sabine, at 15.
7. From the regulations which determined who could enter the lists (make or accept a challenge), reprinted in Baldick, at 23.
8. From John Selden, The Duello, or Single Combat (1610), in The Works of John Selden, Esq. vol. 3 at 64.
9. Peltonen, at 310.
10. Sabine, at 6.
11. Quote from a “famous fencing master” in Baldick, at 38.
12. “[T]here is not one case in fifty where discreet Seconds might not settle the difference and reconcile the parties before they come to the field.” Abraham Bosquett, The Young Man of Honour’s Vade Mecum, at 16, quoted in Yarn at 69.
13. Billacois, at 84.
14. Ibid., at 110.
15. Baldick, at 54.
16. Wells, at 1813.
17. Alexander Hamilton’s last writing, reprinted in Sabine, at 203.
18. Baldick, at 121.
Sources
The American Museum, or Universal Magazine. 6 vols. [Philadelphia: Carey, Stewart, and Co.],
[1790 - 1792].
Baldick, Robert. The Duel: A History of Duelling. London: Hamlyn Publishing Group, 1970.
Beccaria, Cesare. Dei Delitti e Delle Pene. [Livorno: s.n.], MDCCLXIV [1764].
Billacois, Francois. The Duel: Its Rise and Fall in Early Modern France. Edited and translated by
Trista Selous. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1990.
Blackstone, William. Commentaries on the Laws of England. 1765. Facsimile edition. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, c1979.
The Burgundian Code. Translated by Katherine Fischer Drew. Philadelphia: University of
Pennsylvania Press, 1972.
Council of Trent. Le Saint Concile de Trente Oecumenique et General, Celebre sous Paul III, Jules
III, et Pie IV, Souverains Pontifes. Paris: Sebastien Mabre-Cramoisy, 1674.
Ellis, Joseph J. Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation. New York: Random House, 2000.
Grotius, Hugo. Hugonis Grotii De Iure Belli Ac Pacis Libri Tres. Amsterdami: Ioh. & Cornelium Blaeu,
[M][D] C XLII. [1642]
Irish Code Duello, orThe Twenty-Six Commandments, adopted at the Clonmel Summer Assizes, by
the gentlemen of Tipperary, Galway, Sligo, and Roscommon (1777), reprinted in Wilson, Code
of Honor, appendix.
Muzio, Girolamo. Le Combat de Mutio Iustinopolitain: Avec les Responses Chevaleresses... Lyon:
Antoine Tardif, 1583.
Peltonen, Markku. The Duel in Early Modern England: Civility, Politeness and Honor. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Prentiss, Samuel. Speeches of the Hon. Samuel Prentiss, of Vermont: Upon the Bill to Prohibit the
Giving or Accepting Challenges to Duels in the District of Columbia, and for the Punishment
thereof; Delivered in the United States Senate, March 2d and 30th, and April 6th, 1838.
Washington: Gales and Seaton, 1838.
Real Life in Ireland! London: J.L. Marks, 1821.
Recueil des Edits, Declarations, Arrests, et Autres Pieces Concernant les Duels & Rencontres.
Paris: Frederic Leonard, 1689.
Sabine, Lorenzo. Notes on Duels and Duelling, Alphabetically Arranged, with a Preliminary
Historical Essay. Boston: Crosby, Nichols, and Company, 1855.
Seitz, Don. Famous American Duels. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1929.
Selden, John. Joannis Seldeni Juris Consulti Opera Omnia...London: J. Walthoe, 1726. Vol.3 has
title The Works of John Selden.
Sharp, Granville. A Tract on Duelling Wherein the Opinions of Some of the Most Celebrated Writers
on Crown Law Are Examined and Corrected...In Order to Ascertain the Due Distinction
between Manslaughter and Murder. 2d ed.,
with additions. London: B. White and Son, and C. Tilly, 1790.
Truman, Ben C. Duelling in America. Edited by Steven Randolph Wood. San Diego: Joseph Tabler
Books, 1992.
Wells, C.A. Harwell. Note, "The End of the Affair? Anti-Dueling Laws and Social Norms in Antebellum
America," 54 Vand. L. Rev. 1805 (2001).
Wilson, John Lyde. The Code of Honor: or, Rules for the Government of Principals and Seconds in
Duelling. Charleston, S.C.: J. Phinney, 1858.
Yarn, Douglas H. "The Attorney as Duelist's Friend: Lessons from the Code Duello," 51 Case W.
Res. L. Rev. 69 (2000).
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