BOOKS
Transnational Business Problems (7th ed., Found. Press, 2024) (with Detlev F. Vagts, Hannah L. Buxbaum & Harold Hongju Koh).
6th ed. 2019 (with Detlev F. Vagts, Hannah L. Buxbaum & Harold Hongju Koh).
5th ed. 2014 (with Detlev F. Vagts, Harold Hongju Koh & Hannah L. Buxbaum).
4th ed. 2008 (with Detlev F. Vagts & Harold Hongju Koh).
3d ed. 2003 (with Detlev F. Vagts & Harold Hongju Koh).
Transnational Litigation in a Nutshell (2d ed., West Acad. Publ’g, 2021) (with George A. Bermann & Donald E. Childress III).
Restatement (Fourth) of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States (A.L.I., 2018) (with Curtis A. Bradley, Sarah H. Cleveland, Anthea Roberts, Paul B. Stephan, Edward T. Swaine, David P. Stewart & Ingrid Wuerth).
International Law in the U.S. Supreme Court: Continuity and Change (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2011) (with David L. Sloss & Michael D. Ramsey eds.).
ARTICLES & BOOK CHAPTERS
The Paquete Habana: Customary International Law as Part of Our Law, in International Law Stories 287 (John E. Noyes, Laura A. Dickinson, Mark Weston Janis & Carlos M. Vázquez eds., 2d ed., Found. Press, 2025).
Choice of Law in the American Courts in 2024: Thirty-Eighth Annual Survey, 73 Am. J. Compar. L. (forthcoming 2025) (with John F. Coyle & Aaron D. Simowitz).
Challenging Secondary Sanctions in U.S. Courts: Reflections on the Halkbank Case, in The Cambridge Handbook of Secondary Sanctions and International Law 165 (Tom Ruys, Cedric Ryngaert & Filipe Rodríguez Silvestre eds., Cambridge Univ. Press, 2024).
E-Service Across Borders, 108 Judicature 44 (2024), https://judicature.duke.edu/articles/e-service-across-borders/ (with & Maggie Gardner).
China’s Foreign State Immunity Law: A View from the United States, 1 Chinese J. Transnat’l L. 137 (2024).
Choice of Law in the American Courts in 2023: Thirty-Seventh Annual Survey, 72 Am. J. Compar. L. 247 (2024) (with John F. Coyle & Aaron D. Simowitz).
China’s Foreign State Immunity Law: A View from the United States, 1 Chinese J. Transnat’l L. 137 (2024).
Introductory Note to the Foreign State Immunity Law of the People’s Republic of China, 63 Int’l Legal Materials 312 (2024).
Extraterritorial Application of Federal Securities Law: What Hath Morrison Wrought?, 56 N.Y.U. J. Int’l L. & Pol. 199 (2024).
Extraterritoriality of Statutes and Regulations, in Research Handbook on Extraterritoriality in International Law 211 (Austen Parrish & Cedric Ryngaert eds., Elgar Publ’g, 2023).
Choice of Law in the American Courts in 2022: Thirty-Sixth Annual Survey, 71 Am. J. Compar. L. 251 (2023) (with John F. Coyle & Aaron D. Simowitz).
The Many State Doctrines of Forum Non Conveniens, 72 Duke L.J. 1163 (2023) (with Maggie Gardner & Christopher A. Whytock).
Foreign Sovereign Immunity in the Enforcement of Investor-State Awards, in Reflections on International Arbitration: Essays in Honour of Professor George Bermann 865 (Julie Bédard & Patrick W. Pearsall eds., Juris, 2022).
Choice of Law in the American Courts in 2021: Thirty-Fifth Annual Survey, 70 Am. J. Compar. L. 318 (2022) (with John F. Coyle & Aaron D. Simowitz).
Substituted Service and the Hague Service Convention, 63 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 1485 (2022).
Against Systemic Review of Foreign Judgments, 28 Sw. J. Int’l L. 367 (2022).
A Roadmap for Foreign Official Immunity Cases in U.S. Courts, 90 Fordham L. Rev. 677 (2021) (with Chimène I. Keitner).
A Modest Approach to the Customary International Law of Jurisdiction, 32 Eur. J. Int’l L. 1471 (2021).
International Comity in the Fourth Restatement, in The Restatement and Beyond: The Past, Present, and Future of U.S. Foreign Relations Law 319 (Paul B. Stephan & Sarah H. Cleveland eds., Oxford Univ. Press, 2020).
Reciprocity in China-US Judgments Recognition, 53 Vand. J. Transnat’l L. 1541 (2020) (with Wenliang Zhang).
Jurisdiction, State Immunity, and Judgments in the Restatement (Fourth) of US Foreign Relation Law, 19 Chinese J. Int’l L. 101 (2020).
The New Presumption Against Extraterritoriality, 133 Harv. L. Rev. 1582 (2020).
Presumptions Against Extraterritoriality in State Law, 53 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 1389 (2020).
International Comity in Comparative Perspective, in The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Foreign Relations Law 701 (Curtis A. Bradley ed., Oxford Univ. Press, 2019).
Corporate Liability Under the US Alien Tort Statute: A Comment on Jesner v Arab Bank, 4 Bus. & Hum. Rts. J. 131 (2019).
Jurisdictional Reasonableness Under Customary International Law: The Approach of the Restatement (Fourth) of Foreign Relations Law, 62 Questions Int’l L.: Zoom-In 5 (2019).
Reasonableness in the Restatement (Fourth) of Foreign Relations Law, 55 Willamette L. Rev. 521 (2019).
Misusing the Presumption Against Extraterritoriality in Climate Change Litigation, 1 Cts. & Just. L.J. 118 (2019).
Customary International Law, Change, and the Constitution, 106 Geo. L.J. 1559 (2018).
Personal Jurisdiction and Aliens, 116 Mich. L. Rev. 1205 (2018) (with Scott Dodson).
The Presumption Against Extraterritoriality in the U.S. Supreme Court Today, in US Litigation Today: Still a Threat for European Businesses or Just a Paper Tiger? 187 (Andrea Bonomi & Krista Nadakavukaren Schefer eds., Swiss Inst. of Compar. L., 2018).
Jurisdiction in the Fourth Restatement of Foreign Relations Law, 18 Y.B. Priv. Int’l L. 143 (2018).
The Charming Betsy and The Paquete Habana (1804 and 1900), in Landmark Cases in Public International Law 11 (Eirik Bjorge & Cameron Miles eds., Hart Publ’g, 2017).
Chevron Deference and Extraterritorial Regulation, 95 N.C. L. Rev. 911 (2017).
Business and Human Rights Litigation in US Courts Before and After Kiobel, in Business and Human Rights: From Principles to Practice 244 (Dorothée Baumann-Pauly & Justine Nolan eds., Routledge, 2016).
International Comity in American Law, 115 Colum. L. Rev. 2071 (2015).
Defining and Punishing Offenses Under Treaties, 124 Yale L.J. 2202 (2015) (with Sarah H. Cleveland).
Alien Tort Litigation: The Road Not Taken, 89 Notre Dame L. Rev. 1577 (2014).
The Penal and Revenue Rules, State Law, and Federal Preemption, in Foreign Court Judgments and the United States Legal System 54 (Paul B. Stephan ed., Brill, 2014).
Corporate Liability Under Customary International Law, 43 Geo. J. Int’l L. 1045 (2012).
The Presumption Against Extraterritoriality After Morrison, 105 Am. Soc’y Int’l L. Proc. 396 (2011).
Morrison’s Effects Test, 40 Sw. L. Rev. 687 (2011).
International Law in the Supreme Court to 1860, in International Law in the U.S. Supreme Court: Continuity and Change 7 (David L. Sloss, Michael D. Ramsey & William S. Dodge eds., Cambridge Univ. Press, 2011) (with David L. Sloss & Michael D. Ramsey).
Customary International Law and the Supreme Court, 1946-2000, in International Law in the U.S. Supreme Court: Continuity and Change 353 (David L. Sloss, Michael D. Ramsey & William S. Dodge eds., Cambridge Univ. Press, 2011).
Loose Canons: International Law and Statutory Interpretation in the Twenty-First Century, in International Law in the U.S. Supreme Court: Continuity and Change 547 (David L. Sloss, Michael D. Ramsey & William S. Dodge eds., Cambridge Univ. Press, 2011).
Continuity and Change over Two Centuries, in International Law in the U.S. Supreme Court: Continuity and Change 589 (David L. Sloss, Michael D. Ramsey & William S. Dodge eds., Cambridge Univ. Press, 2011) (with David L. Sloss & Michael D. Ramsey).
Local Remedies Under NAFTA Chapter 11, in Fifteen Years of NAFTA Chapter 11 Arbitration 37 (Frédéric Bachand & Emmanuel Gaillard eds., Juris, 2011).
Alien Tort Litigation and the Prescriptive Jurisdiction Fallacy, 51 Harv. Int’l L.J. Online 35 (2010).
Withdrawing from Customary International Law: Some Lessons from History, 120 Yale L.J. F. (Dec. 17, 2010), https://www.yalelawjournal.org/forum/withdrawing-from-customary-international-law-some-lessons-from-history.
Customary International Law, Congress and the Courts: Origins of the Later-in-Time Rule, in Making Transnational Law Work in the Global Economy: Essays in Honour of Detlev Vagts 531 (Pieter H. F. Bekker, Rudolf Dolzer & Michael Waibel eds., Cambridge Univ. Press, 2010).
After Sosa: The Future of Customary International Law in the United States, 17 Willamette J. Int’l L. & Disp. Resol. 21 (2009).
Investment Treaties Between Developed States: The Dilemma of Dispute Resolution, in The Future of Investment Arbitration 165 (Catherine A. Rogers & Roger P. Alford eds., Oxford Univ. Press, 2009).
The Public-Private Distinction in the Conflict of Laws, 18 Duke J. Compar. & Int’l L. 371 (2008).
The Paquete Habana: Customary International Law as Part of Our Law, in International Law Stories 175 (John E. Noyes, Laura A. Dickinson & Mark W. Janis eds., Found. Press, 2007).
Customary International Law and the Question of Legitimacy, 120 Harv. L. Rev. F. 19 (2007).
Investor-State Dispute Settlement Between Developed Countries: Reflections on the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement, 39 Vand. J. Transnat’l L. 1 (2006).
Bridging Erie: Customary International Law in the U.S. Legal System After Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain, 12 Tulsa J. Compar. & Int’l L. 87 (2004).
International Decisions: The Loewen Group, Inc. v. United States and Mondev International Ltd. v. United States, 98 Am. J. Int’l L. 155 (2004).
An Economic Defense of Concurrent Antitrust Jurisdiction, 38 Tex. J. Int’l L. 27 (2003).
The Structural Rules of Transnational Law, 97 Am. Soc’y Int’l L. Procs. 317 (2003).
The Constitutionality of the Alien Tort Statute: Some Observations on Text and Context, 42 Va. J. Int’l L. 687 (2002).
Breaking the Public Law Taboo, 43 Harv. Int’l L.J. 161 (2002).
Loewen v. United States: Trials and Errors Under NAFTA Chapter Eleven, 52 DePaul L. Rev. 563 (2002).
Antitrust and the Draft Hague Judgments Convention, 32 Law & Pol’y Int’l Bus. 363 (2001).
International Decision: Waste Management v. Mexico, 95 Am. J. Int’l L. 186 (2001).
Which Torts in Violation of the Law of Nations?, 24 Hastings Int’l & Compar. L. Rev. 351 (2001).
International Decision: Metalclad Corp. v. Mexico, 95 Am. J. Int’l L. 910 (2001).
Control and Appeal in NAFTA Chapter Eleven Arbitration, 95 Am. Soc’y Int’l L. Procs. 207 (2001).
National Courts and International Arbitration: Exhaustion of Remedies and Res Judicata Under Chapter Eleven of NAFTA, 23 Hastings Int’l & Compar. L. Rev. 357 (2000).
Teaching the CISG in Contracts, 50 J. Legal Educ. 72 (2000).
The Case for Punitive Damages in Contracts, 48 Duke L.J. 629 (1999).
Weighing the Listener’s Interests: Justice Blackmun’s Commercial Speech and Public Forum Opinions, 26 Hastings Const. L.Q. 165 (1998).
Understanding the Presumption Against Extraterritoriality, 16 Berkeley J. Int’l L. 85 (1998).
Extraterritoriality and Conflict-of-Laws Theory: An Argument for Judicial Unilateralism, 39 Harv. Int’l L.J. 101 (1998).
The Helms-Burton Act and Transnational Legal Process, 20 Hastings Int’l & Compar. L. Rev. 713 (1997).
The Historical Origins of the Alien Tort Statute: A Response to the “Originalists”, 19 Hastings Int’l & Compar. L. Rev. 221 (1996).
Congressional Control of Supreme Court Appellate Jurisdiction: Why the Original Jurisdiction Clause Suggests an “Essential Role”, 100 Yale L.J. 1013 (1991).
OTHER
E-Service Across Borders, 108 Judicature, no. 2, 2024, at 45 (with Maggie Gardner).
DC Circuit Defines “Venture” Under the TVPRA, Transnat’l Litig. Blog (Mar. 12, 2024), https://tlblog.org/d-c-circuit-defines-venture-under-the-tvpra/.
Brief of Amici Curiae Professors William S. Dodge and Maggie Gardner in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees-Cross-Appellants, Petersen Energia Inversora, S.A.U. v. Argentine Republic (2d Cir. 2024) (No. 23-7370).
Brief for Amici Curiae Professors William S. Dodge and Maggie Gardner in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees and Affirmance, Reid v. Doe Run Resources Corp., 110 F.4th 1049 (8th Cir. 2024) (No. 23-1625).
Brief for Amici Curiae Ingrid (Wuerth) Brunk and William S. Dodge in Support of Neither Party, United States v. Bankasi A.S., 120 F.4th 41 (2d Cir. 2024) (No. 20-3499).
Brief of Amici Professors of Transnational Litigation in Support of Plaintiff-Appelant and Reversal of the District Court, Estados Unidos Mexicanos v. Smith & Wesson Brands, Inc., 91 F.4th 511 (1st Cir. 2024) (No. 22-1823).
How to Criticize U.S. Extraterritorial Jurisdiction (Part II), Transnat’l Litig. Blog (Nov. 21, 2023), https://tlblog.org/how-to-criticize-u-s-extraterritorial-jurisdiction-part-ii/.
How to Criticize U.S. Extraterritorial Jurisdiction (Part I), Transnat’l Litig. Blog (Nov. 20, 2023), https://tlblog.org/how-to-criticize-u-s-extraterritorial-jurisdiction-part-i/.
China Adopts Restrictive Theory of Foreign State Immunity, Transnat’l Litig. Blog (Sept. 14, 2023), https://tlblog.org/china-adopts-restrictive-theory-of-foreign-state-immunity/.
The New (Old) Presumption Against Extraterritoriality, Transnat’l Litig. Blog (Sept. 6, 2023), https://tlblog.org/the-new-old-presumption-against-extraterritoriality/.
Why Terrorism Exceptions to State Immunity Do Not Violate International Law, Transnat’l Litig. Blog (Aug. 10, 2023), https://tlblog.org/why-terrorism-exceptions-to-state-immunity-do-not-violate-international-law/.
Reposted at: Just Sec. (Aug. 10, 2023), https://www.justsecurity.org/87525/why-terrorism-exceptions-to-state-immunity-do-not-violate-international-law/.
Why the Indictment Against Halkbank Must Be Dismissed, Transnat’l Litig. Blog (May 9, 2023), https://tlblog.org/why-the-indictment-against-halkbank-must-be-dismissed/.
Brief for Amici Curiae Professors William S. Dodge and Maggie K. Gardner in Support of Affirming the District Court’s Order, Smart Study Co., Ltd. v. Happy Party-001, 2023 WL 3220461 (2d Cir. 2023) (No. 22-1810) (with Maggie K. Gardner).
Brief of Professor William S. Dodge as Amicus Curiae in Support of Neither Party, Abitron Austria GmbH v. Hetronic International, Inc., 600 U.S. 412 (2023) (No. 21-1043).
State Department Recognizes Head-of-State Immunity for MBS, Transnat’l Litig. Blog (Nov. 17, 2022), https://tlblog.org/state-department-recognizes-head-of-state-immunity-for-mbs/.
Enforcing Chinese Judgments, Transnat’l Litig. Blog (July 19, 2022), https://tlblog.org/enforcing-chinese-judgments/.
When Should Federal Common Law Govern Transnational Litigation?, Transnat’l Litig. Blog (June 29, 2022), https://tlblog.org/when-should-federal-common-law-govern-transnational-litigation/.
NSO v. WhatsApp: Should the Solicitor General Recommend Allowing Foreign Corporations to Claim Immunity?, Just Sec. (June 9, 2022), https://www.justsecurity.org/81843/nso-v-whatsapp-should-the-solicitor-general-recommend-allowing-foreign-corporations-to-claim-immunity/.
Answering the Supreme Court’s Call for Guidance on the Alien Tort Statute, Just Sec. (June 3, 2022), https://www.justsecurity.org/81730/answering-the-supreme-courts-call-for-guidance-on-the-alien-tort-statute/ (with Oona A. Hathaway).
Substituted Service and the Hague Service Convention, Transnat’l Litig. Blog (May 16, 2022), https://tlblog.org/substituted-service-and-the-hague-service-convention/.
Brief of Professors of Transnational Litigation as Amici Curiae, Estados Unidos Mexicanos v. Smith & Wesson Brands, Inc., 633 F. Supp. 3d 425 (D. Mass. 2022) (No. 21-cv-11269).
Introductory Note to Nestlé USA, Inc. v. Doe (U.S. Sup. Ct.), 61 Int’l Legal Materials 175 (2022).
Brief for Amici Curiae George Bermann, Pamela Bookman, Hannah Buxbaum, John Coyle, William Dodge, Maggie Gardner, Thomas Lee, Aaron Simowitz, Paul Stephan, David Stewart, Edward Swaine, Symeon Symeonides, Louise Ellen Teitz, Andrea Wang and Christopher Whytock in Support of Plaintiff-Appellant, Shanghai Yongrun Investment Management Co., Ltd. v. Kashi Galaxy Venture Capital Co., Ltd., 203 A.D. 3d 495 (N.Y. App. Div. 2022) (No. 2021-01637).
The Surprisingly Broad Implications of Nestlé USA, Inc. v. Doe for Human Rights Litigation and Extraterritoriality, Just Sec. (June 18, 2021), https://www.justsecurity.org/77012/the-surprisingly-broad-implications-of-nestle-usa-inc-v-doe-for-human-rights-litigation-and-extraterritoriality/.
Brief of Foreign Sovereign Immunity Scholars for Leave to File Brief as Amici Curiae in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees, NSO Group Technologies Ltd. v. WhatsApp, Inc., 17 F.4th 930 (9th Cir. 2021) (No. 20-16408).
Brief of Professors William S. Dodge and Maggie Gardner as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents, Republic of Hungary v. Simon, 592 U.S. 207 (2021) & Federal Republic of Germany v. Philipp, 592 U.S. 207 (2021) (Nos. 18-1447 & 19-351).
Brief of International Law Scholars as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents, Nestlé USA, Inc. v. Doe I, 593 U.S. 628 (2021) (Nos. 19-416 & 19-453).
Brief of Conflict of Laws and Foreign Relations Law Scholars as Amici Curiae in Support of Plaintiff-Appellant, City of New York v. Chevron Corp., 993 F.3d 81 (2d Cir. 2021) (No. 18-2188).
Supreme Court of Canada Recognizes Corporate Liability for Human Rights Violations, Just Sec. (Mar. 26, 2020), https://www.justsecurity.org/69349/supreme-court-of-canada-recognizes-corporate-liability-for-human-rights-violations/.
Brief of Amici Curiae Professors of Foreign Relations Law, United States v. California, 2020 WL 4043034 (E.D. Cal. 2020) (No. 19-cv-02142).
Brief of Amici Curiae Professors of Foreign Relations Law, United States v. California, 444 F. Supp. 3d 1181 (E.D. Cal. 2020) (No. 19-cv-02142).
Brief of Conflict of Laws and Foreign Relations Law Scholars as Amici Curiae in Support of Plaintiff-Appellants and Reversal of the District Court’s Decision, City of Oakland v. BP P.L.C., 969 F.3d 895 (9th Cir. 2020) (No. 18-16663).
Second Circuit Gets Civil Forfeiture Under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act Wrong, Just Sec. (Aug. 23, 2019), https://www.justsecurity.org/65934/second-circuit-gets-civil-forfeiture-under-the-foreign-sovereign-immunities-act-wrong/ (with Ingrid (Wuerth) Brunk).
Brief of Professors of Conflict of Laws as Amici Curiae in Support of Appellant, In re: Picard, Trustee for the Liquidation of Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC, 917 F.3d 85 (2d Cir. 2019) (No. 17-2992 et al.).
Jurisdiction to Adjudicate Under Customary International Law, Opinio Juris (Sept. 11, 2018), https://opiniojuris.org/2018/09/11/33646/ (with Anthea Roberts & Paul B. Stephan).
The Customary International Law of Jurisdiction in the Restatement (Fourth) of Foreign Relations Law, Opinio Juris (Mar. 8, 2018), https://opiniojuris.org/2018/03/08/the-customary-international-law-of-jurisdiction-in-the-restatement-fourth-of-foreign-relations-law/.
Brief of Professor William S. Dodge as Amicus Curiae in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellants, Simon v. Republic of Hungary, 911 F.3d 1172 (D.C. Cir. 2018) (No. 17-7146).
Brief of Professors of International Litigation as Amici Curiae in Support of Neither Party, Animal Science Products, Inc. v. Hebei Welcome Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 585 U.S. 33 (2018) (No. 16-1220).
Brief Amici Curiae of Professors William S. Dodge and Paul B. Stephan in Support of Petitioners, Animal Science Products, Inc. v. Hebei Welcome Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 583 U.S. 1089 (2018) (No. 16-1220).
Brief of International Law Scholars as Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioners, Jesner v. Arab Bank, PLC, 584 U.S. 241 (2018) (No. 16-499).
Does JASTA Violate International Law?, Just Sec. (Sept. 30, 2016), https://www.justsecurity.org/33325/jasta-violate-international-law-2/.
What’s the Right Comity Tool in Vitamin C?, Opinio Juris (Sept. 27, 2016), https://opiniojuris.org/2016/09/27/whats-the-right-comity-tool-in-vitamin-c/.
The Presumption Against Extraterritoriality in Two Steps, 110 AJIL Unbound 45 (2016).
Samantar and the Perils of Executive Discretion, Opinio Juris (Feb. 6, 2015), https://opiniojuris.org/2015/02/06/guest-post-samantar-perils-executive-discretion/.
International Comity Run Amok, Just Sec. (Feb. 3, 2015), https://www.justsecurity.org/19640/international-comity-run-amok/.
Foreign Official Immunity in the International Law Commission: The Meanings of “Official Capacity”, 109 AJIL Unbound 156 (2015).
Is Torture an “Official Act”? Reflections on Jones v. United Kingdom, Opinio Juris (Jan. 15, 2014), https://opiniojuris.org/2014/01/15/guest-post-dodge-torture-official-act-reflections-jones-v-united-kingdom/.
Brief for Professors Sarah H. Cleveland and William S. Dodge as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondent, Bond v. United States, 572 U.S. 844 (2014) (No. 12-158).
Official Act Immunity—Keeping the Questions Straight, Opinio Juris (May 13, 2013), https://opiniojuris.org/2013/05/13/guest-post-william-s-dodge-responds-to-ingrid-weurth-on-samantar/.
Customary International Law in the U.S. Legal System and the Perils of an All-or-Nothing Approach, Opinio Juris (Mar. 13, 2013), https://opiniojuris.org/2013/03/13/bradley-book-symposium-customary-international-law-in-the-u-s-legal-system-and-the-perils-of-an-all-or-nothing-approach/.
Brief of Professors of International Litigation and Foreign Relations Law as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents, Samantar v. Yousuf, 560 U.S. 305 (2010) (No. 08-1555).
Res Judicata, in Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (Oxford Univ. Press, 2008).
Brief of Professors of Federal Jurisdiction and Legal History as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents, Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain, 542 U.S. 692 (2004) (No. 03-339).
United States v. Alvarez Machain, in 1 Encyclopedia of the American Constitution 71 (2d ed., Macmillan Reference USA, 2000).
Extraterritoriality, in 2 Encyclopedia of the American Constitution 959 (2d ed., Macmillan Reference USA, 2000).
International Law and Federal-State Relations, in 3 Encyclopedia of the American Constitution 1389 (2d ed., Macmillan Reference USA, 2000).